语法,中考考点梳理,易混易错点拨

英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。

其中不定代词是中考常考点,也是重点知识。

重点回顾

1. 人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表:

2. 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表

3. 反身代词可见下表

指示代词有:this, that, these, those

疑问代词有:who, whom whose, what, which。

还有疑问副词:when, how, where, why。

不定代词主要有:some, any, many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either…

1. 物主代词的用法

形容词性物主代词:作定语,相当形容词,不能单独使用,后面必须加名词。

名词性物主代词:不作定语,相当名词词组,可单独使用,后面不须加名词。

如:Here is my sister. Her name is Jenny.(形容词性物主代词)

Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词)

2. 反身代词的用法

teach oneself 自学

speak/say to oneself 自言自语

by oneself独自地

help oneself to 随便吃…

enjoy oneself 玩得开心

make yourself at home 请自便

3. 指示代词的用法:主要有四个,即this, that, these 和 those

1指示代词分单数this / that和复数these / those两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:

单数 复数

限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.

代 词:This is Mary. Those are my teachers.

♣1, 为避免重复,可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词。如:

The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school.(that=the playground)

My seat is next to that of the mayor.

我的座位在市长座位旁边。

♣2. 用来回指上文提到的事情时,可用this 或 that,但是若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用 this .如:

She is a beautiful girl.

Who said that?

I want to know this: Is she beautiful?

♣3. 在打电话时,通常用 this 指自己,用that指对方:

Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?

4. 疑问代词的用法

疑问代词:who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑问句。

注意:1. what与 which的用法区别:当选择的范围较明确时,用 which;当选择的范围不明确时,用 what。

如:Which color do you like, red, black or white?

红色、黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种?

What color is your car?

你的汽车是什么颜色的?

5. 不定代词的用法

1定义:不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。

2种类

英语中不定代词有:

some(something,somebody,someone,somewhere)

any(anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere) no(nothing,nobody,no one)

everyeverything,everybody,everyone,everywhereall,each,both,much,many,a

little,a few,othersanother,none,one,either, neither等。

♣1. some和 any的比较

不定代词some,any都是“一些”的意思,都可和可数名词或不可数名词连用。

some一般用于肯定句中。

any则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中.

♣注意:在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any。

如:Will you lend me some money? 可以借些钱给我吗?

中考考点梳理

1.指两者和三者的不定代词。

2.(a) few 与 (a) little。

3.other, the other, another, others的用法。

4. 含有形容性物主代词的固定搭配

all ones life (一生,终生)

change ones mind (改变想法、主意)

do ones best (尽力)

do ones homework (做作业)

lose ones life (丧生)

make up ones mind (下决心决定)

on ones way to (在某人去…的路上)

take ones time (不急,慢慢干)

to ones surprise (使某人惊奇的是…)

with ones help (在某人的帮助下)

to ones relief (使某人放松的是--)

ones own +名词My own house = a house of my own

5. 反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。

1 作宾语: 表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。

Would you please express yourself in English?

2 作表语:The girl in the news is myself.

3 作主语或宾语的同位语: 表示亲自或本人。

You should ask the teacher himself.(作宾语同位语)

6. it 中考考点运用总结

1.it作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。例如:

It is about 10 kilometers from here.

2. it 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语,来代替由不定式,动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语。例如:

It is not easy to learn English well.

I found it difficult to sleep.

3. It可用于其他句型:

1 It is time to do sth 是做…的时候了

2 It’s sb’s turn to do sth 是轮到某人做…了

3 It seems that +句子 看起来…

4 It is +adj. that+句子 …是怎么样的

5主语+consider/ feel/ find/ think/ make / it +adj + to do sth. 某人觉得做…是…的。

典例分类

1. (2019)Your hometown is really nice! The air quality is as good as ________ of Sanya.

A. it B. one C. that

答案C.

解析本题考查指示代词的用法。C.that 代指前面所提到的air quality,为了避免重复。而A.it它代指的一定是同一个东西。

2. (2019)Im sure that our football players will do ________ best.

A. yourselves B. him C. their

答案C.

解析本题考查物主代词的用法。此题意为“我相信我们的足球运动员会尽他们更大的努力的”这里有个固定搭配用法 do one’s best “尽某人更大的努力” 。这里的one’s 明显是要换成their的。

3. (2019)You can take ________ of the two toy cards and leave the other for your brother.

A. both B. neither C. either

答案C.

解析本题考查不定代词的用法。A. both 二者都;B. neither二者都不;C. either二者其一。根据题意来理解“你可以拿走这二张玩具卡片的任何一张,留下一张给你的兄弟”可以知道是拿走二者其一,故只能选C.either.

4.(2018上海改编)Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and ________ is noisy.

A. anotherB. the otherC. other

答案B.

解析本题考查不定代词的用法。根据题意“Catherine有二个表哥,一个很沉默,另一个很吵闹。”前面界定了范围只有二个,说明其中一个人的情况了,另一个就是特指了。所以要用the other。这里我们可以把它记住一个固定搭配用法 one… the other … 一个…另一个…

5.. (2018北京改编)My brother and I like football. ________ play it together once a week.

A. I B. They C. We

答案C.

解析本题考查人称代词的用法。题意是我和我兄弟都喜欢足球,我们一周踢一次球。很明显地,此处应该是填写We我们。

6.. (2018苏州改编)A robot show will be held in July, but ________ knows the date for sure.

A. nobody B. everybody C. anybody

答案A.

解析本题考查不定代词的用法。A. nobody 没人;B. everybody 大家;C. anybody任何人;根据题意:一次机器人展示将会在七月举行,但是没有人知道具体日期。所以答案是A。

7. (2018贵州三州联考改编)He was so angry that he could say ________.

A. anything B. nothing C. something

答案B.

解析本题考查不定代词的用法。A. anything任何事;B. nothing没什么东西;C. something一些事情;根据题意:他如此气愤以致于他说不出什么东西。所以答案选 B. nothing。

8.(2019乐山)____ is quite easy for people to find any place in the world with the help of online maps.

A. That B. It C. One

答案B.

解析本题考查人称代词It的用法。这里It是作为形式主语的,而真正的主语是后面的to find any place in the world with the help of online maps. 而三个选项中只有It 才有此功能用法。

9.(2019甘肃庆阳) There are many good teachers in_________ school.

A. we B. him C. our D. themselves

答案C.

解析本题考查物主代词的用法。题意为在我们的学校有很多优秀的老师。

10.(2019江苏扬州)----Annie, _____ books are all over the place.

----Sorry, mum. Ill put them away.

A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself

答案B.

解析本题考查物主代词It的用法。题意为“安妮,你的书到处都是。”

易混易错点拨

1. There are ten students here. Where are _______ ?

A. othersB. the otherC. the othersD. other

答案C.

解析本题考查不定代词的用法。此题很多同学容易选B. the other. 但此题原意是“这里有10个学生,其他的学生在哪里?”这里“其他的学生”是属于特指的,又因为句末没有名词了,所以得用the others。因为the others=the other students.

2. The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, ______________ is a doctor.

A. othersB. the otherC. the othersD. another

答案B.

解析本题考查不定代词的用法。another用于泛指,如:Is it far from here to the station?Im sorry. I have no idea. One may say it is quite near; another may say it is far from here。但在特指时则要用the other。它可以用作定语,the other one,也可以用作代词the other, 但the other用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。这里我们可以把它记住一个固定搭配用法 one… the other … 一个…另一个…

3. Some people like sports. __________ like reading.

A. othersB. the otherC. the othersD. another

答案A .

解析本题考查不定代词的用法。在泛指的复数名词前用some…some…others…来表示某些人…某些人…还有些人…。

4. Please remember to water the flowers every_________ day.

A. othersB. otherC. the otherD. another

答案B .

解析本题考查不定代词的用法。every other day为固定用法,意思是“每隔一天”是习惯用法,不要随意改动。又如:on the other hand另一方面。

5. Many know him, but________like him.

A. a fewB. fewC. someD. little

答案B .

解析本题考查不定代词的用法。few用于可数名词,表否定意义,意为“几乎没有”但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式,而a few为有一些。本题题意为“很多人认识他,但没有人喜欢他”

6. ________ of what you said is true.

A. ManyB. MuchC. FewD. Any

答案B .

解析本题考查不定代词的用法。much用于不可数名词,作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词,它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。

7. Would you like ___________ to drink?

A. nothingB. everythingC. anythingD. something

答案D .

解析本题考查不定代词的用法。在由would you like发出的问句中,表达了说话者真心实意要为对方些饮料,或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时,在疑问句中要用some而不用any。

8. Someone_________to meet you.

A. wantB. are wantingC. wants

答案C .

解析本题考查不定代词的用法。不定代词做主语时应被看作单数,即使用and连接两个不定代词,也要看作单数,如:Anyone and everyone has the right. 任何人,每一个人都有这样的权力。

9. ________ is much colder in New York in winter than before.

A. ItB. The weatherC. They

答案A .

解析本题考查代词It的用法。it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象,或用在句中作形式主语或宾语,如:

It is ten oclock now. (代时间)

It is far from here to the airport. (代距离)

It is very hot.(代天气)

It is very difficult to learn English well. (作形式主语)

We found it very difficult to answer the question. (作形式宾语)

10. Be careful. Dont drink too ___________.

A. muchB. manyC. few

答案A .

解析本题考查不定代词的用法。这里much所代的应是饮料或水,所以应为不可数名词。

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初中英语

本文相关词条概念解析:

代词

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。有一些语言的第一人称代词区分“涵盖词”和“排外词”,。

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