2022年初中英语定语从句关系词
关系词
1.关系代词(代表先行词,在从句中作一定的成分)
在把握具体关系代词用法时,首先了解定语从句中的主语和宾语
I used to live in thehousewhich was surrounded by flowers and birds.
I used to live in thehousewhich my grandfather had lived in.
这两个句子中的先行词都是house,但是他们在定语从句中充当的成分是不一样的。
第一个句子Which was surrounded by flowers and birds. 这里的which其实就是指代前文中的house,在这个定语从句中The house was surrounded by flowers and birds. house 作主语。(一般来说在谓语动词前-句首,都是主语,除去倒装句)
第二个句子,我们在还原在,即 将The house my father had lived in. 修改成 My father had lived inthe house.
显然,我们这里的house是作介词in的宾语(如果对于宾语不熟悉,可以去看下宾语从句这篇文章)。
通常如果先行词作宾语的话,我们的关系词可以省略,即:
I used to live in the house my father had lived in.
所以,把握主语和宾语,就能完美区分那些省略掉关系词的定语从句。
1.1 who
一般而言,关系代词为who时,先行词是人,可以作主语、宾语
I really admire those people who have acchievd great success.
I can't help those people who I hate. (宾语)
1.2 whom 作宾语
I can't help those people whom I hate.
1.3 that 先行词既可以是人,也可以是物,可以作主语、宾语
I really admire those people who have acchievd great success.
I can't help those people who I hate.
补充:He is the heroof whomwe are proud.
像这种如果有介词的话,我们只能用whom,初中考察的比较少,了解即可
1.4 which 指代物 可作主语、宾语
I used to live in the house which was surrounded by flowers and birds
1.5 whose 指代人/物,作定语
I used live in the house whose wall was painted into green.
He is the hero whose father is our English teacher.
补充:
由于that和which,均可以修饰物,有些情况只用that,不用which(了解即可)
1.先行词由all, much, little, few, something 等不定代词修饰或先行词本身是不定代词
There isnothingthat we can do.
2.先行词有the only, the same, the very等修饰时
This isthe onlymusic that I love.
3.先行词有形容词更高级、序数词修饰时
This isthe bestfilm that I have ever seen.
4.先行词既指人又指物
We talked aboutthe person and thingsthat we remembered.
如果考察的话,前面三种比较多(初中阶段,平时模拟题会出现)
2.关系副词 作状语
关系副词一般在从句中作状语,也就是说从句不缺主语、宾语
2.1 when 先行词表示时间
I will never forget the day when we stayed together.
比较:
I will never forget the day that/which we spent together.
问题:先行词同样是 the day,为什么一个用when,一个用that/which?
2.2 where 先行词表地点
I will never forget the village where we stayed together.
比较:
I will never forget the village that/which is in the east of China.
问题:先行词同样是 the village,为什么一个用where,一个用that/which?
2.3 why 先行词一般为the reason
Can you explain the reason why you are late again?
难点:关系副词和介词+which替换
在上述句子中我们可以用相应的介词+which和关系副词替换
一般而言why=for which
when=in/on...+which
where=in/on...+which
具体介词选择则取决于先行词
I will never forget the village where(in which)we stayed together.